"I often hear the term 'bright stock' in reference to certain oils. Can you explain what this term means and how bright stock oils are different than other oils?"

 

“我經(jīng)常聽到"淺色基礎油"，這個詞是指某些油。你能解釋一下這個術語的含義，以及淺色基礎油與其他油有多大的不同嗎？

 

The term "bright stock" refers to the base oil. Generally, a Group I base oil is described as either solvent neutral (SN) or bright stock (BS). These types of oils are used in the production of lubricants and lubricant additives but usually do not include additives.

 

“淺色基礎油”這個術語指的是基礎油。通常，組I 基礎油被描述為溶劑(SN)或淺色基礎油(BS)。這些類型的油用于生產(chǎn)潤滑劑油和潤滑油添加劑，但通常不包括添加劑。

 

Group I base oils are solvent-refined, which involves a simpler refining process. This is why they are the cheapest base oils on the market. For solvent neutral base oils, the refining process is as follows: The crude oil is run through a vacuum distillation process, followed by solvent extraction and then solvent dewaxing.

 

I 類基礎油是溶劑精煉的，這涉及一個更簡單的精煉過程。這就是為什么它們是市場上最便宜的基礎油。對于溶劑中性基礎油，精煉過程如下：原油通過減壓蒸餾過程，然后進行溶劑萃取，再進行溶劑脫蠟。

 

Bright stock oils are sent through a hydrofinishing process where they are subjected to slightly higher temperatures and pressures of hydrogen gas to break the double molecular bonds and force out free radicals. This results in higher quantities of purer hydrocarbon molecules.

 

淺色基礎油是通過加氫精制過程發(fā)送的，在此過程中，它們受到較高的氫氣溫度和壓力，以打破雙分子鍵并迫使自由基。這導致了更多的純烴分子。

 

However, this hydrofinishing process is not nearly as robust as the hydrotreating or hydrocracking that occurs in the Group II and III refining processes. Group II base oils have better antioxidation properties, since all the hydrocarbon molecules of these oils are saturated. They also have a clearer color and cost more in comparison to Group I base oils.

 

然而，這種加氫精制過程并不像II和III類精煉過程中發(fā)生的加氫處理或加氫裂化那樣強健。II 類基礎油具有較好的抗氧化性能，因為這些油的碳氫化合物分子都是飽和的。與組I基礎油相比，它們也有更清晰的顏色和成本。

 

Group III base oils are refined even more than Group II base oils and generally are severely hydrocracked (with higher pressure and heat). This longer process is designed to achieve a purer base oil. Although made from crude oil, Group III base oils are sometimes described as synthesized hydrocarbons.

 

III 類基礎油的精煉甚至超過II 類基礎油，通常是嚴重的加氫裂化（具有較高的壓力和熱量）。這種較長的工藝是為了獲得更純的基礎油。雖然由原油制成，但III類基礎油有時被描述為合成碳氫化合物。

 

When examining product data sheets, you should know that the inclusion of the term "hydrofinished" could indicate that BS base stocks were utilized. Depending on the application, this may result in a higher-quality finished product than those with SN Group I base stocks.

 

在檢查產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)表時，您應該知道，包含術語“水電成品”可能表明使用了BS基礎基礎油。根據(jù)應用，這可能導致一個比那些SN I類基礎油更高質量的成品。

 

There has been a steady decline in the number of refineries producing Group I base oils. As technology has advanced, the Group II refining process has become more efficient. Dewaxing even allows for better yield from a barrel of oil.

 

生產(chǎn)I類基礎油的煉油廠數(shù)量穩(wěn)步下降。隨著技術的進步，II類基礎油的精煉工藝變得更加高效。脫蠟甚至可以從一桶油中獲得更好的產(chǎn)量。

 

Naphthenic oils also are now being employed rather than paraffinic oils to make bright stock oils. These base oils are lower in cost and can help lower the production costs for finished lubricants. 

 

環(huán)烷油現(xiàn)在也被使用，而不是石蠟油，以制造淺色基礎油。這些基礎油的成本較低，可以幫助降低成品潤滑油的生產(chǎn)成本。